layout: post
title: 用Tensorflow基于Deep Q Learning DQN 玩Flappy Bird
categories: Machine Learning
description: TensorFlow, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence
keywords: TensorFlow, python,opencv
发这个贴的原因，是因为 是因为 是因为啥来着，忘了 那就是因为你，因为你 。
上篇博文主要是TensorFlow的一个简单入门.
前言 TensorFlow 通过深度学习自己去玩游戏，
游戏图:
整体思路：
处理图：
后语
能否使用DQN来实现通过屏幕学习玩Flappy Bird是一个有意思的挑战。（话说本人和朋友在前段时间也考虑了这个idea，但当时由于不知道如何截取游戏屏幕只能使用具体位置来学习，不过其实也成功了）
部分代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import tensorflow as tf
import cv2
import sys
sys.path.append("game/")
import wrapped_flappy_bird as game
import random
import numpy as np
from collections import deque
GAME = 'bird' # the name of the game being played for log files
ACTIONS = 2 # number of valid actions
GAMMA = 0.99 # decay rate of past observations
OBSERVE = 100000. # timesteps to observe before training
EXPLORE = 2000000. # frames over which to anneal epsilon
FINAL_EPSILON = 0.0001 # final value of epsilon
INITIAL_EPSILON = 0.0001 # starting value of epsilon
REPLAY_MEMORY = 50000 # number of previous transitions to remember
BATCH = 32 # size of minibatch
FRAME_PER_ACTION = 1
def weight_variable(shape):
initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev = 0.01)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def bias_variable(shape):
initial = tf.constant(0.01, shape = shape)
return tf.Variable(initial)
def conv2d(x, W, stride):
return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides = [1, stride, stride, 1], padding = "SAME")
def max_pool_2x2(x):
return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize = [1, 2, 2, 1], strides = [1, 2, 2, 1], padding = "SAME")
def createNetwork():
# network weights
W_conv1 = weight_variable([8, 8, 4, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
W_conv2 = weight_variable([4, 4, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
W_conv3 = weight_variable([3, 3, 64, 64])
b_conv3 = bias_variable([64])
W_fc1 = weight_variable([1600, 512])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([512])
W_fc2 = weight_variable([512, ACTIONS])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([ACTIONS])
# input layer
s = tf.placeholder("float", [None, 80, 80, 4])
# hidden layers
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(s, W_conv1, 4) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2, 2) + b_conv2)
#h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)
h_conv3 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_conv2, W_conv3, 1) + b_conv3)
#h_pool3 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv3)
#h_pool3_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool3, [-1, 256])
h_conv3_flat = tf.reshape(h_conv3, [-1, 1600])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_conv3_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
# readout layer
readout = tf.matmul(h_fc1, W_fc2) + b_fc2
return s, readout, h_fc1
def trainNetwork(s, readout, h_fc1, sess):
# define the cost function
a = tf.placeholder("float", [None, ACTIONS])
y = tf.placeholder("float", [None])
readout_action = tf.reduce_sum(tf.multiply(readout, a), reduction_indices=1)
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y - readout_action))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-6).minimize(cost)
# open up a game state to communicate with emulator
game_state = game.GameState()
# store the previous observations in replay memory
D = deque()
# printing
a_file = open("logs_" + GAME + "/readout.txt", 'w')
h_file = open("logs_" + GAME + "/hidden.txt", 'w')
# get the first state by doing nothing and preprocess the image to 80x80x4
do_nothing = np.zeros(ACTIONS)
do_nothing[0] = 1
x_t, r_0, terminal = game_state.frame_step(do_nothing)
x_t = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.resize(x_t, (80, 80)), cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, x_t = cv2.threshold(x_t,1,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
s_t = np.stack((x_t, x_t, x_t, x_t), axis=2)
# saving and loading networks
saver = tf.train.Saver()
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
checkpoint = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state("saved_networks")
if checkpoint and checkpoint.model_checkpoint_path:
saver.restore(sess, checkpoint.model_checkpoint_path)
print("Successfully loaded:", checkpoint.model_checkpoint_path)
else:
print("Could not find old network weights")
# start training
epsilon = INITIAL_EPSILON
t = 0
while "flappy bird" != "angry bird":
# choose an action epsilon greedily
readout_t = readout.eval(feed_dict={s : [s_t]})[0]
a_t = np.zeros([ACTIONS])
action_index = 0
if t % FRAME_PER_ACTION == 0:
if random.random() <= epsilon:
print("----------Random Action----------")
action_index = random.randrange(ACTIONS)
a_t[random.randrange(ACTIONS)] = 1
else:
action_index = np.argmax(readout_t)
a_t[action_index] = 1
else:
a_t[0] = 1 # do nothing
# scale down epsilon
if epsilon > FINAL_EPSILON and t > OBSERVE:
epsilon -= (INITIAL_EPSILON - FINAL_EPSILON) / EXPLORE
# run the selected action and observe next state and reward
x_t1_colored, r_t, terminal = game_state.frame_step(a_t)
x_t1 = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.resize(x_t1_colored, (80, 80)), cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, x_t1 = cv2.threshold(x_t1, 1, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
x_t1 = np.reshape(x_t1, (80, 80, 1))
#s_t1 = np.append(x_t1, s_t[:,:,1:], axis = 2)
s_t1 = np.append(x_t1, s_t[:, :, :3], axis=2)
# store the transition in D
D.append((s_t, a_t, r_t, s_t1, terminal))
if len(D) > REPLAY_MEMORY:
D.popleft()
# only train if done observing
if t > OBSERVE:
# sample a minibatch to train on
minibatch = random.sample(D, BATCH)
# get the batch variables
s_j_batch = [d[0] for d in minibatch]
a_batch = [d[1] for d in minibatch]
r_batch = [d[2] for d in minibatch]
s_j1_batch = [d[3] for d in minibatch]
y_batch = []
readout_j1_batch = readout.eval(feed_dict = {s : s_j1_batch})
for i in range(0, len(minibatch)):
terminal = minibatch[i][4]
# if terminal, only equals reward
if terminal:
y_batch.append(r_batch[i])
else:
y_batch.append(r_batch[i] + GAMMA * np.max(readout_j1_batch[i]))
# perform gradient step
train_step.run(feed_dict = {
y : y_batch,
a : a_batch,
s : s_j_batch}
)
# update the old values
s_t = s_t1
t += 1
# save progress every 10000 iterations
if t % 10000 == 0:
saver.save(sess, 'saved_networks/' + GAME + '-dqn', global_step = t)
# print info
state = ""
if t <= OBSERVE:
state = "observe"
elif t > OBSERVE and t <= OBSERVE + EXPLORE:
state = "explore"
else:
state = "train"
print("TIMESTEP", t, "/ STATE", state, \
"/ EPSILON", epsilon, "/ ACTION", action_index, "/ REWARD", r_t, \
"/ Q_MAX %e" % np.max(readout_t))
# write info to files
'''
if t % 10000 <= 100:
a_file.write(",".join([str(x) for x in readout_t]) + '\n')
h_file.write(",".join([str(x) for x in h_fc1.eval(feed_dict={s:[s_t]})[0]]) + '\n')
cv2.imwrite("logs_tetris/frame" + str(t) + ".png", x_t1)
'''
def playGame():
sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
s, readout, h_fc1 = createNetwork()
trainNetwork(s, readout, h_fc1, sess)
def main():
playGame()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
一切的学习都是为了以前吹过的牛皮啊～